9.A)They bring great honor to their county.
B)They create very high commercial value.
C)They acomplish feats many of us cannot.
D)They show genius which defies desciption.
1.A)Being super sports stars without apearing arogant.
B]Keeping atletes away from drug or alcohol problemns.
D)Separating an athletes pofessional life from their personal lfe.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
D)They always cost more than expected.
13.AIt was cnellede.
B)t had eight guests only.
Clt cost 60000.
D)It was held in Las Vegas.
14.A)Ask her friends for help.
B)Postpone her wedding.
OKee,,,,rerU1。,
15.A)She clled it romantic.
B)She rjected it latly.y
C)She said she would think aboutit.
D)She welcomed it with open arms.
Questins 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
B)t can impact peoples wllbeing.
Clt can ifuence peoples prsnalities
D)It is closely related to peoples emotions.
17.A)They make people more reproductive.
B)They tend to produce positive felingse.
B)People in the same geographical area may dffr in prsanality.
D)The link between temperature and personality is farly weak.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19.A)A growing number of US seniors face the risk of early mortality.
BCrrlations have been found between loneliness and ill health.
B)Being busy helps fght leiness.s
Cloneliness rarely resuts from iving alone.
D)Medication is avilable for treating lneliness
21.A)Living with ones children.
B)Meaningful social contact.
C)Meeting social expectations.
D)Timely medical intervention.
C)She invested in several private companies.
D)She made regular trips to Asian countries.
23.A)]ravel round the world.
B)Set up a travel agency.
C)Buy a ranch.
D)Start a blog.
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三、如何在大学英语写作中准确运用连接词
理解逻辑关系
在使用连接词之前,必须先明确句子之间或段落之间的逻辑关系。如果是因果关系,就要确定是直接原因(使用“because”)还是基于已知事实的原因(使用“since”或“as”);如果是递进关系,要判断是简单补充(使用“in addition”)还是更强调进一步的情况(使用“moreover”或“furthermore”)。例如,当阐述一个现象及其引发的结果时,如果原因是明确且直接的,就使用“because”,如“Because the traffic was heavy, I was late for school.”(因为交通拥堵,我上学迟到了);如果是基于一种普遍知晓的情况而产生的结果,就可以用“since”,如“Since everyone knows that smoking is harmful to health, more and more people are trying to quit smoking.”(既然每个人都知道吸烟有害健康,越来越多的人正在努力戒烟)。
对于转折关系,如果是强烈的对比,“but”比较合适;如果是较为缓和、需要更详细解释的转折,“however”会更好。例如“He is smart, but he is lazy.”(他很聪明,但他很懒);“She is a good student. However, she sometimes makes mistakes in math.”(她是个好学生。然而,她有时在数学上会犯错)。
考虑语境和文体
不同的语境和文体对连接词的选择有一定影响。在正式的学术论文中,倾向于使用更正式、精确的连接词,如“therefore”“moreover”“nevertheless”等;而在日常的叙述或对话式的写作中,可以使用较为简单、口语化的连接词,如“and”“but”“so”等。例如,在学术论文中会写“Nevertheless, the research has some limitations.”(然而,这项研究存在一些局限性);在日常写作中可能会说“But I don't like this movie.”(但我不喜欢这部电影)。
在描述事件顺序时,根据语境选择合适的表示时间顺序的连接词。如果是讲述一个简单的故事,“then”“after that”“later”就很合适;如果是在描述一系列复杂的、有先后逻辑的步骤,可能需要使用“firstly”“secondly”“finally”等。比如叙述一次旅行经历时,可以说“I went to Paris. Then I visited the Eiffel Tower. After that, I had dinner in a French restaurant.”(我去了巴黎。然后我参观了埃菲尔铁塔。之后,我在一家法国餐厅吃晚餐);而在阐述如何制作蛋糕时,就会用“Firstly, prepare the ingredients. Secondly, mix the flour and sugar. Finally, put the cake into the oven.”(首先,准备原料。其次,混合面粉和糖。最后,把蛋糕放入烤箱)。
避免过度使用
虽然连接词有助于增强文章的连贯性,但过度使用会使文章显得机械、生硬。不要在每个句子之间都添加连接词,要根据实际的逻辑关系有选择地使用。例如,以下这种过度使用连接词的句子就很不自然“He is smart and he is also hard - working and he likes reading and he often goes to the library.”(他很聪明,他也很勤奋,他喜欢阅读,他经常去图书馆),可以修改为“He is smart and hard - working. He likes reading and often goes to the library.”(他聪明又勤奋。他喜欢阅读,经常去图书馆)。
有时候句子之间的逻辑关系可以通过上下文自然体现,不需要连接词。比如“The sun was setting. The sky was painted with beautiful colors.”(太阳正在落山。天空被美丽的色彩所渲染),这两个句子虽然没有连接词,但读者可以理解其中的逻辑关系。
四、大学英语写作中连接词使用的错误案例
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